3D Printing of Electrically Conductive Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present preparation, characterization, and 3D printing of electrically conductive Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer. The electrically conducting ABS was prepared by doping carbon fibers (150μm in length, acquired from Nippon Graphite Corporation), at 200 ̊C by using a thermo-plasto mill, with different weight percentages (wt%) of carbon fibers in ABS polymer matrix. Electrical conductivity of samples with following weight percentages (10, 15, 25, 50 and 60 wt% carbon fibers in ABS polymer matrix) were measured using 4-point probe method [1, 2], with a result that percolation threshold occurs at 25wt%, as shown in Fig 1. SEM analysis (Fig. 2) shows uniform dispersion of carbon fibers in ABS polymer matrix, when compared to previously reported methods [3, 4]. Electrical conductivity of 1.013S/m is observed at 50 wt %. We employed melt extrusion technique in order to fabricate cylindrical filament with a diameter of 1.75 mm. A standard Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) type printer (Makerbot) was used to print the developed filament (Fig. 3). The developed ABS electrically conductive composite is being applied in applications, such as 3D printing of wires, circuits, sensors, resistors, heaters, robotics, MEMS and microfluidics devices. References: Khosla, A. (2011). Micropatternable multifunctional nanocomposite polymers for flexible soft MEMS applications(Doctoral dissertation, Applied Science: School of Engineering Science). http://summit.sfu.ca/item/12017 Khosla, A. (2012). Nanoparticle-doped electrically-conducting polymers for flexible nano-micro Systems. The Electrochemical Society Interface, 21(3-4), 67-70. doi: 10.1149/2.F04123-4if Gray, B. L., & Khosla, A. (2010). Microfabrication and applications of nanoparticle doped conductive polymers. Nanoelectronics: Nanowires, Molecular Electronics, and Nanodevices, 227. Khosla, A., & Gray, B. L. (2010, March). Fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotube polydimethylsiloxne nanocomposite polymer flexible microelectrodes for microfluidics and MEMS. In Proc. SPIE (Vol. 7642, p. 76421V). doi: 10.1117/12.847292 Figure 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".