Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this research is to design, fabricate and characterize a micro-hotplate which is suitable for application as an infrared source.For the heater material, Nichrome Ni-Cr (80/20)w t % an alloy of Ni(nickel) and Cr (chromium) is used.Nichrome exhibits high resistivity, low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and is resistant to natural processes of oxidation and corrosion, these qualities make nichrome a suitable material for a microhotplate.The heater resistance versus applied voltage is measured, and a value for TCR has been obtained by using a four point probe on thermo-chuck with the temperature ranges of 20 • C to 180 • C .NiCr structures integrated on micro-hotplates are simultaneously heated and the corresponding resistance is measured using a source-meter that applies bias voltage and measures current.The calculated TCR has been found only to be valid for the temperature ranges of 20 • C to 180 • C , and the device self annealed during the testing, thus ending with a changes in TCR.The micro-hotplate heater resistance is found to be stable after it has been passed through several conditioning steps.Chapter 6 presents the testing procedure and associated results performed on the microhotplate.Lastly chapter 7 outlines the conclusion of the research work and suggestions on some of the future possibilities to improve and upgrade the micro-hotplate and the related process.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".