Reaction Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide with 2-Amino-1-butanol in Aqueous Solutions Using a Stopped-Flow Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon capture and management plays an important role in the development of new technologies to mitigate anthropogenic global warming. In this work, for the first time, the kinetics of CO 2 with aminobutanol (AB) using a stopped-flow method are presented. The temperature changed from 293 to 313 K for a total amine concentration up to 0.3 mol/L. The kinetics data were analyzed using both zwitterion and termolecular reaction mechanisms with a preference to the zwitterion mechanism. AB was found to react with CO 2 (aq) with k 2 (M –1 s –1 ) = 2.93 × 10 9 exp(−4029.9/ T (K)) with an estimated activation energy of 33.51 kJ/mol. Compared to other popular amines, CO 2 reaction with aminobutanol has faster kinetics than that of CO 2 with diethanolamine (DEA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) but slower than that with monoethanolamine (MEA). The Brønsted relationship between the rate constant ( k 2 ) and p K a values was found to predict well the rate constant with an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 6.1%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".