Accessing Phase-Pure and Stable Acetaminophen Polymorphs by Thermal Gradient Crystallization
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We employ a simple and reproducible methodology based on thermal gradient crystallization to access forms I and II of acetaminophen. This methodology provides insight into the role of heat flux in the control over polymorphism and phase transitions. We report the crystallization of different polymorphs of acetaminophen as a function of the thermal gradient parameters (magnitude of the gradient, sample velocity) in a thin film geometry. The thin-film samples were displaced at well-defined velocities (1 ≤ v ≤ 75 μm/s) to control both the direction and the rate of crystal growth. We carried out a detailed structural analysis combining polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (specular and grazing-incidence) to characterize the crystalline forms isolated by the thermal gradient technique. The resulting polymorphic forms have been found to exhibit high phase purity and remarkable stability over time.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it