Stochastic control in microscopic nonequilibrium systems
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quantifying energy flows at nanometer scales promises to guide future research in a variety of disciplines, from microscopic control and manipulation, to autonomously operating molecular machines.A general understanding of the thermodynamic costs of nonequilibrium processes would illuminate the design principles for energetically efficient microscopic machines.Considerable effort has gone into finding and classifying the deterministic control protocols that drive a system rapidly between states at minimum energetic cost.But when the nonequilibrium driving is imposed by a molecular machine that is itself strongly fluctuating, driving protocols are stochastic.Here we generalize a linear-response framework to incorporate such protocol variability and find a lower bound on the work that is realized at finite protocol duration, far from the quasistatic limit.Our findings are confirmed in model systems.This theory provides a thermodynamic rationale for rapid operation, independent of functional incentives.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it