Investigation on the cooling medium effect in the characterization of asphalt binder with the bending beam rheometer (BBR)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the possibility of using air as an alternative cooling medium for testing asphalt binder in the bending beam rheometer (BBR) is considered and evaluated. For this purpose, five asphalt binders were characterized with the BBR; creep stiffness, m-value, performance grade (PG), thermal stress, and critical cracking temperature were computed both for ethanol and air. In addition, the rheological Huet model was fitted to the experimental measurements to further investigate the effect of the cooling medium. It was found that air measurements result in stiffer materials, with higher low PG, higher thermal stress, and critical cracking temperature. The parameters of the Huet model confirm such a stiffening effect when air is used. Based on the material response observed in this study, further research is recommended before potentially replacing ethanol with air in the BBR, as the latter appears to provide a substantially different material grading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".