The effect of dietary folic acid intake on somatic and germ cell mutations in the transgenic MutaMouse model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Folate is an essential water soluble B-vitamin required for DNA synthesis and methylation.Folate deficiency has been associated with increased risk for some cancers, male subfertility, and causes megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects.We propose that the ability of folate deficiency to induce genetic mutations underlies, at least in part, its association with these conditions.In vitro, supplemental folic acid (FA) intake protects against chemical mutagens, however it remains unclear whether or not elevated FA intakes are detrimental or beneficial to DNA mutations in vivo.Using a transgenic mouse model (MutaMouse), we investigated the effects of FA deficient, control and supplemented diets on somatic and germline DNA mutation frequency and genome instability in male mice.Male mice were fed the diets for 20 weeks from weaning.Half of the mice from each diet group were injected with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) (a known mutagen) after 10 weeks on diet to evaluate a diet by environmental mutagen interaction.Inadequate FA intake induced micronuclei formation in red blood cells and DNA mutations in bone marrow.In contrast to previous studies, deficient FA intake had no effect on sperm counts or mutations in sperm DNA.Supplemental FA intake had no effect on somatic or germ cell mutations or the induction of mutations by ENU.This study highlights the importance of having an adequate FA intake to ensure DNA integrity and prevent chromosomal damage and also alleviates hypothetical concerns related to high intakes of FA in the Canadian population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".