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The Effort Paradox: Effort Is Both Costly and Valued

2018· review· en· 844 citations· W2787887681 on OpenAlex· 10.1016/j.tics.2018.01.007

Why is this work in the frame?

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

Canadian affiliationAn author listed a Canadian institution. This is the only route the usual frame has.
Canadian funderA Canadian agency funded it. The work may carry no Canadian affiliation at all.

Machine scores (provisional)

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Opus teacher head0.556
GPT teacher head0.542
Teacher spread
0.014 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Abstract

No abstract. This is not a gap in this database — OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.

The record

Venue
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Topic
Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Field
Neuroscience
Canadian institutions
University of Toronto
Funders
National Institute of General Medical SciencesSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Keywords
PsychologyCognitionValue (mathematics)Control (management)Cognitive psychologyMental effortCognitive scienceNeuroeconomicsNeuroscienceComputer scienceArtificial intelligenceMachine learning
Has abstract in OpenAlex
no