A High Resolution Multibit Sigma-delta Modulator With Individual Level Averaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A second-order sigma-delta modulator with a 3-b internal quantizer employing the individual level averaging technique has been designed and implemented in a 1.2 μm CMOS technology. Testing results show no observable harmonic distortion components above the noise floor. Peak S/(N + D) ratio of 91 dB and dynamic range of 96 dB have been achieved at a clock rate of 2.56 MHz for a 20 KHz baseband. No tone is observed in the baseband as the amplitude of a 10 KHz input sine wave is reduced from −0.5 dB to −107 dB below the voltage reference. The active area of the prototype chip is 3.1 mm 2 and it dissipates 67.5 mW of power from a 5 V supply
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".