Taxonomy of extant Diplopoda (Millipeds) in the modern era: Perspectives for future advancements and observations on the global diplopod community (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)*
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The modern era in diplopod taxonomy began in 1971 with publication of the Nomenclator Generum et Familiarum Diplopodorum. Along with the internet and electronic communications, this pioneering work catalyzed an increased output of synthetic publications beyond mere species descriptions, thereby leading to accelerating advancements. Significant taxonomic and/or cataloging studies have since occurred in 14 of the 16 established orders, all except Stemmiulida and Siphoniulida. Important faunistic works have appeared on Canada, Mexico, Asian Russia, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Iran, Turkey, central Asia in general, Belgium, Scandinavia, Great Britain & Ireland, Madagascar, and the Comoros, Canary, Cape Verde, and Galapagos Islands. The complete known ranges of four orders, four superfamilies, and 47 families have been mapped along with partial, regional mappings for seven other orders and seven families. With only one resident taxonomist, continental regions of the Neotropics warrant concentrated attention in future years, and emphasis on Chinese millipeds will surely continue because of the discovery of a substantial southeast Asian callipodidan fauna. Taxonomic emphases are needed in the Spirobolidea (Spirobolida), to assess affinities between the 10 component families, and Spirostreptida, to determine taxonomic positions of the suborders Cambalidea & Epinannolenidea. Resolution of the latter may derive from development of the "8th gonopod clade" concept, involving the orders Chordeumatida, Callipodida, Stemmiulida, Polydesmida, & Siphoniulida, and the suborder Spirostreptidea (Spirostreptida). Attributes of the global diplopod community are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".