Analysis of the rrl3 Mutants Reveals the Importance of Arginine Biosynthesis in the Maintenance of Root Apical Meristem in Rice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We characterized reduced root length3(rrl3) mutantsof rice that exhibit a short-root phenotype under conditions producing mechanical impediments to growth, such as aerated water culture medium. The mutants were not able to maintain the quiescent center (QC) identity and produced disorganized root apical meristem (RAM) under aeration because of impaired cell division. A map-based cloning approach showed that RRL3 encodes carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) which is thought to be required for the conversion of ornithine into citrulline during arginine biosynthesis. The RRL3 gene is expressed highly at the root tip area that includes the root cap and division zone. The RRL3 gene expression level was greatly affected by aeration treatment, indicating that the spatiotemporal expression of the RRL3 gene with respect to the aeration is important for the maintenance of RAM. Furthermore, the application of citrulline and arginine could rescue the root phenotype, which implied that arginine biosynthesis was impaired in the rrl3-1 mutant. These results suggest that the RRL3 regulated arginine biosynthesis is important for the maintenance of RAM organization in the presence of mechanical impediments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".