On taking the STING out of immune activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nearly a decade ago, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) adaptor protein called stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was found to be critical in the induction of type I IFN production in response to DNA virus infection. STING functions by sensing cytoplasmic DNA and activates key transcription factors, including IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IRF7, to initiate type I IFN expression. Type I IFNs are vital in immunity against viral infections and can influence cancer cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Several studies have shown that STING activation results in potent antitumor activity by generating strong tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses. Moreover, compared with wild-type, STING-knockout mice show greater susceptibility to viral infections. In this review, we discuss the importance of STING signaling during the induction of immune responses, especially those associated with type I IFN in viral infections and tumor immunity. Furthermore, we highlight recent data that unravel how the STING signaling pathway can be negatively regulated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".