The role of titanium in the initiation of localized corrosion of stainless steel 444
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Titanium has been added to ferritic stainless steels to combat the detrimental effects of intergranular corrosion. While this has proven to be a successful strategy, we have found that the resulting Ti-rich inclusions present on the surface play a significant role in the initiation of other forms of localized corrosion. Herein, we report the effect of these inclusions on the localized corrosion of a stainless steel using macro and micro electrochemical techniques. Through the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy, we observe the microgalvanic couple formed between the conductive inclusions and passivated metal matrix. The difference in local reactivity across the material’s surface was quantified using a 3D finite element model specifically built to respect the geometry of the corrosion-initiating features. Combined with electron microscopy and micro elemental analysis, localization of other alloying elements has been reported to provide new insight on their significance in localized corrosion resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".