Sediment Phosphorus Cycling in a Managed System Irondequoit Bay, N.Y.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current status of internal phosphorus loading was evaluated in Irondequoit Bay, NY, an embayment of Lake Ontario. Sediment core incubation experiments and phosphorus water column profiles were used to quantify the release rate of phosphorus from the deepwater sediments of Irondequoit Bay during summer periods of low hypolimnetic oxygen. The top 25 cm of sediment cores collected monthly from May 2004 through September 2004 were analyzed for total phosphorus, total manganese, total iron, and total aluminum. Phosphorus fractionation of the sediment cores was determined through sequential extraction. Phosphorus water column data collected during the summer of 2003 and 2004 yielded an average release rate of 8.15 mg P/m2/day. Sediment core incubation experiments yielded an average release rate of 2.89 mg P/m2/day. Predictive models yielded estimates of phosphorus release rates ranging from 0.11 to 31.56 mg P/m2/day. Total phosphorus concentrations in the sediment averaged 1.389 ± 0.150 g P/kg dry wt. Sequential extraction of phosphorus fractions from the top 25 cm of deep-water sediment revealed that approximately 25% of phosphorus was stored in a redox-sensitive form, most likely sorbed onto iron and manganese oxyhydroxides. Iron and manganese profiles from the water column indicated that manganese from the sediment was cycling with phosphorus into the overlying waters, while iron did not demonstrate evidence of cycling. Iron was kept out of solution by low concentrations of oxygen that had been maintained in the hypolimnion through a summer oxygen supplementation program on Irondequoit Bay.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".