Large‐Area PEDOT:PSS/c‐Si Heterojunction Solar Cells With Screen‐Printed Metal Contacts
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A large‐area BackPEDOT solar cell with a phosphorus‐diffused emitter and a high‐temperature‐fired screen‐printed Ag grid on the front surface and PEDOT:PSS as hole‐collecting and passivating layer at the cell rear is developed. As base material, 15.6 × 15.6 cm 2 pseudo‐square industrial‐type boron‐doped p ‐type Czochralski‐grown silicon wafers are used. The set‐peak firing temperature ( T set ) is varied from 850 to 870 °C with a total number of 32 processed solar cells. The optimum T set of 870 °C results in a median solar cell efficiency of 19.0%. The best large‐area BackPEDOT solar cell achieves an efficiency of 20.2%. Based on external quantum efficiency measurements, a rear surface recombination velocity S rear < 70 cm s −1 is determined, a value which is on a par with today's industrial high‐efficiency solar cells. Furthermore, a low‐temperature metal paste is introduced, which is shown to be capable of metalizing the PEDOT:PSS‐covered rear surface of the solar cells without damaging the rear surface passivation. The principle feasibility of such a rear metallization scheme is demonstrated. The parasitic absorption of infrared light within the PEDOT:PSS layer is identified as the major loss mechanism in the current cells, which might be overcome in the future by adding infrared‐transparent additives to the PEDOT:PSS dispersion.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it