Monolithic CMOS-compatible zero-index metamaterials (Conference Presentation)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zero-index metamaterials exhibit exotic optical properties such as uniform spatial phase and infinite wavelength. These extreme properties can be utilized for integrated-optics applications. However, practical implementation of zero-index-based photonic devices requires compatibility with complementary metallic-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. Zero-index metamaterials have been previously demonstrated in both out-of-plane and integrated configurations by taking advantage of a photonic Dirac-cone dispersion at the center of the Brillouin zone. Such metamaterials feature a square matrix of high aspect-ratio pillars and offer matched impedance through simultaneously zero effective permittivity and permeability. However, these configurations are inherently incompatible with integrated devices due to out-of-plane excitation, metallic inclusions, or high aspect-ratio structures. This work demonstrates a CMOS-compatible zero-index metamaterial consisting of a square array of air-holes in a 220-nm-thick silicon-on-insulator wafer. To experimentally verify the refractive index, we measure the angle of refraction of light through a triangular prism consisting of the metamaterial. The index is extracted using Snell's Law to verify a refractive index of zero at a wavelength of 1625 nm. Through the air-hole in silicon configuration, the proportion of silicon is increased as compared to designs based on high aspect-ratio silicon pillars. This enables a platform with low-aspect-ratio features, improved confinement of transverse electric polarized light, as well as the original benefit of matched impedance. Featuring a trivial monolithic fabrication and capacity for integration with the expansive library of existing silicon photonic devices, this metamaterial enables implementation of proposed zero-index devices and offers a powerful platform for exploring the future applications of zero-index materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".