An Integrated Prognostics Method for Failure Time Prediction of Gears Subject to the Surface Wear Failure Mode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface wear is one of the main failure modes that gears suffer from due to the sliding contact in the mesh process. However, the existing gear prognostics methods mainly focused on the fatigue cracking failure mode and the existing prediction methods considering surface wear are physics based without utilizing condition monitoring data. This paper proposes the first integrated prognostics method for failure time prediction of gears subject to the surface wear failure mode, utilizing both physical models, i.e., Archard's wear model and condition monitoring data, i.e., inspection data on gear mass loss in this study. By noticing the importance of the wear coefficient in Archard's model, the proposed method can result in a more accurate value of the wear coefficient so that the wear evolution in the future is forecasted with more accuracy. To achieve this, a Bayesian update process is implemented to incorporate the mass loss observation at an inspection point to determine the posterior distribution of the wear coefficient. With more mass loss data available, this posterior distribution gets narrower and its mean approaches the actual value of the coefficient. To use Archard' model, the gear mesh geometry and Hertz contact theory are applied to compute the sliding distance and the contact pressure for different points on the tooth flank. The proposed method is validated using run-to-failure experiments with a planetary gearbox test rig.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".