Technical and Economical Evaluation of a Fresh-Water Production from Zero-Wastewater Reverse Osmosis System: A Feasibility Study in Jordan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jordan endures a shortage of fresh drinking water. Thus, there is a wide use of reverse osmosis (RO) units at homes and industrial zones. Zero wastewater, which is a modified reverse osmosis system, is developed and evaluated to overcome the problem of limited water. In Jordan, for example, Petra Company for Water Treatment Systems was established to mass-produce the newly modified RO units. In this study, a feasibility study is conducted to evaluate the technical and economical aspects of mass production of the new RO systems. With increasing future demand for fresh water, it is expected that the introduction of the new system to regional countries would save huge amounts of water. Additionally, good economical impacts will be achieved as a net profit to the newly established company. This expected extra profit would be set the base for further development to the modified RO system, such as introducing a compact multistage filtration unit. Results of the feasibility study showed a huge amount of water saving per annum estimated by 4.5 million cubic meter. In addition, a half million of Jordanian Dinar (JD) of a net annual profit attained at the current demand of RO units in Jordan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".