Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since 1925, it has been widely accepted that Michelangelo painted his own self‐portrait into the flayed skin of St Bartholomew in the fresco of the Last Judgement. Interpretations of what this can have been intended to mean differ widely, from representing Michelangelo's desire to be freed from the constraints of the flesh, to the artist's recognition of his own Marsyas‐like audacity. It seems prudent to inquire into the origins of this motif before speculating on its meaning in the context of this fresco. Perhaps thanks to historical assertions of Michelangelo's originality and inherent genius, it is infrequently noted that Michelangelo owed a significant debt to earlier depictions of the Last Judgement. This paper aims to show that St Bartholomew is often depicted by Northern Italian artists as holding or wearing his flayed skin. Michelangelo may have become aware of these images during his northern sojourns, which included two visits to Venice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".