Highly efficient methane reforming over a low‐loading Ru/γ‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst in a Pd‐Ag membrane reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural gas can be reformed to syngas (CH 4 + H 2 O = CO + 3H 2 ), at temperatures above 850°C. Membrane catalytic reformers can provide high CH 4 conversions at temperatures below 650°C, by separating H 2 from the reactive mixture. Traditional Ni‐based catalysts suffer from low activity at low temperatures and deactivate rapidly by coking, particularly at low steam/carbon ratios. In this study, an ultralow loading (0.15 wt %) Ru/γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalyst was implemented in a lab‐scale membrane reformer, using a supported 5μm Pd‐Ag film membrane. Methane conversions above 90% were achieved at 650°C, 8 bar, and H 2 O/CH 4 = 2, 3 with contact times of ca. 10 s. The system generated up to 3.5 mol of ultrapure H 2 per mol of CH 4 fed, with a maximum power density of 0.9 kW/L. No significant deactivation was observed after 200 h time on stream, even when using low H 2 O:CH 4 ratios. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 64: 3101–3108, 2018
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".