Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract | This article interrogates the cultural significance of nightlife and urban landscape in relationship to recent discourse on the perils of tourism in Ciutat Vella, Barcelona’s oldest district. Barcelona is one of the most visited cities in Europe, but in recent years the millions of tourists who visit the city annually have ignited tensions between citizens, policy-makers and visitors (including issues related to: public intoxication; noise; illegal property rental; overcrowding in public spaces at night). A growing body of literature has emerged that examines cities as key places for national and global mass-tourism and how this is related to the use of culture for promotion, regeneration and place-making strategies. Over the past few years, policymakers have emphasized nighttime cultural activities as a means for achieving this goal. Yet, while there has been a wide range of works that examine symbolic representation and urban tourism, economy and nighttime tourism, and the rise and consequence of the 24-hour city, there remains a lack of empirical case studies that emphasize the relations between “everynight”, ordinary tourism, nighttime policies and the shrinking of public places in cities at night. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, depictions of the crisis of tourism in Catalan and international newspapers and magazines, as well as on municipal policy documents, this paper is a contribution to the field of “nocturnity” (i.e., the study of the night) and to the scholarship on urban scenes. It argues that Barcelona’s tourism crisis is deeply linked to nocturnal travelers and that the city should address the night per se, as not only a time of romanticized nightlife, but also as an “occasion” that creates barriers which may trigger social problems like noise complaints, gentrification and geographies of exclusion.Résumé | Cet article vise à comprendre l’importance culturelle de la vie et du paysage urbain nocturnes en relation avec les récents discours sur les dangers du tourisme à Ciutat Vella, le plus vieux quartier de Barcelone. Barcelone est l’une des villes les plus visitées en Europe. Cependant, au cours des dernières années, les millions de touristes qui ont visité la ville ont éveillé des tensions entre les citoyens, les décideurs et les visiteurs (y compris autour de questions liées à l’état d’ébriété en public, au bruit, à l’hébergement touristique illégal et au surpeuplement des espaces publics durant la nuit). Une documentation de plus en plus abondante examine dorénavant les villes comme des lieux clés pour le tourisme de masse national et mondial ainsi que la façon dont ce phénomène est lié à l’utilisation de la culture en tant que stratégie de promotion, régénération, et création des places publiques. Au cours des dernières années, les décideurs ont souligné les activités culturelles nocturnes comme un moyen d’atteindre cet objectif. Néanmoins, bien que de nombreuses études examinent la représentation symbolique et le tourisme urbain, l’économie et le tourisme nocturne, ainsi que la montée et les répercussions de la ville 24 heures sur 24, il existe encore trop peu d’études de cas empiriques qui s’intéressent aux relations entre « chaque nuit » (everynight), le tourisme ordinaire, les politiques nocturnes et le rétrécissement des lieux publics dans les villes la nuit. S’appuyant sur de vastes travaux sur le terrain, sur des représentations de la crise du tourisme dans les journaux et magazines catalans et internationaux, ainsi que sur des documents stratégiques municipaux, cet article est une contribution au domaine de la « nocturnité » (c’est-à-dire l’étude de la nuit) et à l’érudition des scènes urbaines. Il soutient que la crise touristique à Barcelone est étroitement liée aux voyageurs nocturnes et que la ville devrait aborder la nuit non seulement comme un moment de vie nocturne romantique, mais aussi comme une « occasion » qui crée des barrières pouvant déclencher des problèmes sociaux tels que des plaintes reliées au bruit, un embourgeoisement, ainsi que des zones géographiques d’exclusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.036 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".