A New Printed Electronics Approach Eliminating Redundant Fabrication Process of Vertical Interconnect Accesses: Building Multilayered Circuits in Porous Materials
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Printed electronics are striving for smaller size, increased functionality, and lower energy consumption, which impose critical demand for multilayered printed circuits. As a low‐cost and green substrate, cellulose paper has become the most attractive choice for the printing of sustainable and disposable electronics. However, the redundant processes of drilling holes and/or depositing of dielectric materials, when fabricating the vertical interconnect access (VIA) for these multilayered circuits, greatly increase the cost. In this paper, a simple, cost‐effective, and scalable method is proposed for fabricating high‐performance, multilayered paper‐based circuits which contain highly conductive VIAs without physically drilling holes or depositing additional dielectric material. Taking advantages of inkjet printing and electroless copper deposition, the metallization depth of the substrate can be controlled with ease. In the proposed method, the porous structure of cellulose paper, which is previously an obstacle to printed electronics, becomes an advantage by triggering the 3D copper deposition, resulting in an ultralow sheet resistance of ≈4.8 mΩ sq −1 for single layer traces and ≈2.6 mΩ sq −1 for VIAs. A functional double‐layered and battery‐free device with drill‐less VIA, featuring an energy harvesting function, is fabricated using the proposed method on paper for the first time.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it