<i>Vaccinium angustifolium</i> (lowbush blueberry) leaf extract increases extravillous trophoblast cell migration and invasion in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Perturbations to extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell migration and invasion are associated with the development of placenta‐mediated diseases. Phytochemicals found in the lowbush blueberry plant ( Vaccinium angustifolium ) have been shown to influence cell migration and invasion in models of tumorigenesis and noncancerous, healthy cells, however never in EVT cells. We hypothesized that the phenolic compounds present in V . angustifolium leaf extract promote trophoblast migration and invasion. Using the HTR‐8/SVneo human EVT cell line and Boyden chamber assays, the influence of V . angustifolium leaf extract (0 to 2 × 10 4 ng/ml) on trophoblast cell migration ( n = 4) and invasion ( n = 4) was determined. Cellular proliferation and viability were assessed using immunoreactivity to Ki67 ( n = 3) and trypan blue exclusion assays ( n = 3), respectively. At 20 ng/ml, V . angustifolium leaf extract increased HTR‐8/SVneo cell migration and invasion ( p < .01) and did not affect cell proliferation or viability. Chlorogenic acid was identified as a major phenolic compound of the leaf extract and the most active compound. Evidence from Western blot analysis ( n = 3) suggests that the effects of the leaf extract and chlorogenic acid on trophoblast migration and invasion are mediated through an adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein (AMP) kinase‐dependent mechanism. Further investigations examining the potential therapeutic applications of this natural health product extract and its major chemical compounds in the context of placenta‐mediated diseases are warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".