Interactive effects of hypoxia and dissolved nutrients on the physiology and biochemistry of the freshwater crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A key contributing factor to the decline of the at-risk freshwater crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus is the presence of hypoxia associated with eutrophication. However, there is little information regarding the effects that dissolved nutrients have on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that this and other freshwater crayfish use to cope with lowered dissolved oxygen. In the present study, P. zealandicus were exposed to an abrupt hypoxia (1.3 kPa) in the absence or presence of either ammonia (30 mg L–1 total ammonia; 0.04 mg L–1 as un-ionised ammonia) or nitrite (20 mg L–1) over a 6-h exposure using semi-closed box respirometry. Respiratory (oxygen consumption, haemolymph oxygen partial pressure), cardiac (heart rate) and biochemical (haemolymph acid–base status, glucose and lactate; tissue glucose and lactate) end points were measured. In hypoxia alone, haemolymph oxygen partial pressure, glucose and pH fell, whereas haemolymph lactate increased. The only significant effects of nutrients on hypoxic responses were a further decline in haemolymph oxygen partial pressure and an enhanced hypoglycaemia in the presence of nitrite. These effects may be linked to a nitrite-mediated improvement in tissue perfusion. Overall, these data indicate little additional effect of the presence of nutrients on the responses of P. zealandicus to hypoxia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".