Bibliographic record
Abstract
We were inspired by three great concepts: 1. Pythagorean means, 2. Pierre de Fermat´s principle of the least time, 3. Michael Faraday´s concept of vibrating rays in longitudinal and transverse directions. We have formulated an extended Doppler formula for rectilinear motions in the absolute spacetime where both postulates of the special relativity are valid. The second postulate of the special relativity for rectilinear motions was derived as the harmonic mean speed based on the Pythagoras-Fermat-Faraday (PF2) model. The null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment is valid for the arms of that interferometer separated by the angle π/2. However, for the angles smaller than π/2 a predicted fringe shift should be observed. For the circular motions the Doppler formula combines the longitudinal and transverse speeds in such a way that the frequency of the rotating light beam is diluted by a factor [1-(v/c)2]0.5 and the wavelength of that light beam is extended by the same factor. The Doppler formula for light beams can be tested for the rotating source and the detector placed close to the rim of that rotating disk in a defined position. In order to obtain new experimental data we propose to construct the Michelson-Morley-Harress-Sagnac interferometer where rotating disks have being attached to both arms of the Michelson interferometer. In rotating disks we might prepare light beams with defined independent values of their longitudinal speeds and after the mixing of these two light beams on their return path to the detector we might observe predicted fringe shifts. In these circular paths the second postulate of the special relativity is not valid. The full composition of Doppler formula is given by the interplay of the macro Doppler effect (the relative motion of the source and observer) and the micro Doppler effect (the combination of the longitudinal and transverse vibration speeds of that oscillating particle – the elasticity of the photon wave).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".