Challenges in Spark Plasma Sintering of Cerium (IV) Oxide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter describes an experiment in which novel processing of CeO2 via Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) was performed and the effect of the electric current during sintering was investigated. The die-punch setup was modified in order to manipulate the passage of electrical current through the CeO2 powder during sintering. Alumina powder layers were incorporated in the die setup, in order to isolate the CeO2 from the electrically conductive graphite. It is important to note that the granular region was in contact with the positive terminal of the SPS machine, which was connected to the positive terminal of the graphite tooling. The chemical composition of the pellet with encapsulation all throughout the cross-section was homogenous and no observable difference in the composition across the cross-section of the pellet was detected. Irrespective of the conductivity of the material, at the powder-punch interface, localized current gradients evolve in either case, especially in areas with sharp geometrical feature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".