Recovery of Zn from Unsorted Spent Batteries Using Solvent Extraction and Electrodeposition
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study focused on the selective recovery of zinc (Zn) from a leaching solution emerging from a sulfuric acid leaching process applied to unsorted spent batteries. Precipitation and solvent extraction were investigated. According to the results, solvent extraction using Cyanex 272 allowed for the selective removal of Zn from the solution containing high amounts of metals (∼19.4 g Zn/L, ∼23.4 g Mn/L, ∼3.27 g Cd/L, ∼3.19 g Ni/L, and ∼0.25 g Co/L). According to the results, the solvent extraction process was capable of recovering 97.6% of Zn from this leaching solution under the following conditions: two stages of extraction in the presence of an organic solution made of Cyanex 272 (30%, v/v) and tributylphosphate (TBP—2%, v/v) in kerosene, pH=2.2, organic/aqueous (O/A) ratio = 2/1, and T=50°C. The Zn present in the organic phase was then stripped using 0.4 M H2SO4 with an O/A ratio fixed at 2/1. This stripping step allowed for the recovery of 81.8% of the Zn initially present in the organic phase. Subsequently, 82.4% of the Zn stripped in the aqueous solution was then electrically deposited after 3 h at pH=2 with a current density fixed at 360 A/m2.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it