Estimation of Gas Flows in the Cold Spray Nozzle using Infrared Camera
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cold Spray (CS) is a coating technology in the thermal spray family. In this process, the particles with mechanically excellent properties are accelerated to high velocity by supersonic flow of the inert gas through a convergent-divergent nozzle (Laval nozzle) and impact on the substrate surface. The deposition efficiency of the particles is affected by particle velocity, which depends on gas velocity in the CS nozzle. This study shows a new method to estimate the gas flows in the CS nozzle. The method measures the outer surface temperature of the CS nozzle using an infrared camera, and then estimates the gas flows in the CS nozzle. Mach number estimated using the infrared camera was validated by comparing them with local Mach number measured by using the wall pressures. The method can estimate the gas flows with high precision over the entire CS nozzle. However, it is required to reduce the influence of the entrainment effect near the CS nozzle exit.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it