Microbial traits associated with actinobacteria interacting with plants.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Actinobacteria (syn. Actinomycetes) are a large group that includes diverse genera of Gram-positive bacteria. Several of these genera are characterized by vegetative growth with aerial hyphae resembling those of fungi, and by a complex morphological differentiation leading to the formation of asexual spores. Actinobacteria are widely distributed in terrestrial environments and some, like the nitrogen-fixing Frankia bacterium, are known to form associations with plants through symbiotic relationships. Several strains, present in the rhizosphere, can also be beneficial to plant growth and act as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or as biocontrol agents suppressing soil-borne plant pathogens. Though most actinobacteria are saprophytes, some of them are phytopathogenic. They may cause common scab of potato and other symptoms like galls, stunting and wilts. In this chapter, we examine the mechanisms involved in the interactions between actinobacteria and plants. We also review the physiological traits and bacterial genes important to plant colonization, as well as the production of secondary metabolites, extracellular enzymes and soluble compounds such as plant hormones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".