Bibliographic record
Abstract
Detrital subsidy from highly productive kelp beds and forests to adjacent habitats represents a major form of connectivity between coastal ecosystems that regulates regional patterns of community organization and production. In this thesis, I investigated environmental and biological factors that influence the rate of detrital production in Nova Scotian kelp beds, with emphasis on the role of invasive species in altering these dynamics. The rate of blade erosion of the dominant kelp species (Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata) increased significantly with the level of encrustation by the invasive bryozoan Membranipora membranacea and the extent of grazing damage by the native snail Lacuna vincta, and by increased water temperature and site exposure. The rate of detrital production (as dry mass) ranged from 0.5 to 1.71 kg m-2 y-1 across 5 sites, and increased linearly with kelp bed biomass. Spatial variation in the total level of grazing damage on kelp blades by L. vincta was explained in part by a negative relationship with site exposure, and the distribution of grazing along blades was regulated by kelp growth rate and the associated production of grazing-deterrent polyphenolics. Grazing damage by L. vincta that exceeded 0.5 to 1.0% of blade area caused increased rates of erosion during heavy wave action associated with a passing hurricane. The maximum stress before breakage, toughness, and extensibility of blade tissues decreased with the degree of encrustation by M. membranacea or grazing damage by L. vincta, which cause degradation and removal of the outer cell layers of kelp tissues, resulting in stress concentration and breakage at lower force applications than required to break undamaged tissues. The invasive green alga Codium fragile and S. latissima differed with respect to nutritional quality and changes in biochemical composition that occurred over the course of degradation on a sandy bottom adjacent to a kelp bed. Macrofaunal communities colonizing detrital deposits responded to these differences. These findings demonstrate that invasive species can alter the quantity and quality of detritus produced from subtidal kelp beds, and that their community-level effects can extend well beyond the invaded habitats via the export of detritus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".