Thermal Conductivity of Hydrated Paste in Cement-Based Foam Microstructure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This article presents the thermal constants of hydrated cement paste, which constitute the air-void wall of cement-based foam microstructure, and examines its influence on moisture, age, pozzolanic admixture type, and content. Along with the reference mix, containing portland cement only, six other mixes were prepared by replacing cement with fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin, up to 20 % by mass in the binder. The Transient Plane Source, a thermal analyzer that conforms to ISO test standards, was employed to evaluate the thermal constants. Here, the measurements were made at 60, 120, 210, and 300 days. The results revealed that the drop in thermal conductivity for the cement paste was significant in the earlier age but progressively became insignificant as the hydration advanced. It was also found that adding fly ash and silica fume in higher dosages resulted in reducing the conductivity, while metakaolin exhibits a reverse trend. Furthermore, the reduction in the moisture content due to pozzolanic admixture was also noticed. Finally, an empirical formulation was developed to predict the thermal conductivity of the hydrated cement paste, which was also validated against the results of past research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".