MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SUGGESTS RECENT ORIGINS OF SUBSPECIES OF THE SHARP-SHINNED HAWK AND GREAT BLUE HERON ENDEMIC TO COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA AND SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Genetic studies of subspecies endemic to Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) in British Columbia and the Alexander Archipelago of southeast Alaska have frequently found patterns of genetic differentiation corresponding to these phenotypically based taxa. Divergence and speciation are common among island populations of birds, and evidence suggests this region has fostered such divergence during previous glacial maxima. We examined divergence in the mitochondrial gene for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2, a marker used in other studies of regional endemism) in two additional coastal subspecies endemic to this region, of the Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus perobscurus) and Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias fannini). In both the hawk and heron genetic diversity in ND2 wasremarkably low in contrast to that in mitochondrial genes in other species with regional endemics. In both Accipiter striatus perobscurus and Ardea herodias fannini we found only the haplotype most common in continental populations. We found low but signifiant divergence in frequencies of haplotypes of ND2 between A. s. perobscurus and continental populations of the Sharp-shinned Hawk and no signifiant population divergence in the Great Blue Heron. In contrast with other regional endemics that do show signals of having persisted through at least one past Ice Age in an unglaciated refugium, these subspecies may have arisen relatively recently, with their adaptation to the local environment leading to darker coloration paralleling that of the region’s older endemics. Alternatively, species-wide selective sweeps of mitochondrial DNA prior to divergence of these taxa may have rendered this genetic marker less useful for tracking divergence arising in a refugium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".