Influence of Chain Structures of Starch on Water Absorption and Copper Binding of Starch‐Graft‐Itaconic Acid Hydrogels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bio‐based hydrogels destined for use as low cost renewable biosorbents are synthesized. The impact of the two components of starch, amylose, and amylopectin, on the properties of the hydrogels is assessed. Hydrogels are synthesized by solution based graft copolymerization of itaconic acid monomers on a corn starch backbone in the presence of an acrylamide crosslinker and the potassium persulfate/sodium bisulfite redox initiator pair. Three types of corn starch are used: normal corn starch, waxy starch, and high amylose starch. The amylose:amylopectin ratios are: 27:73 for normal starch (NS), 70:30 for high amylose starch (HAS), and 0:100 for waxy starch (WS). Swelling tests performed in a variety of solutions show no significant differences in swelling capacity among the hydrogels. The hydrogels also perform similarly in copper adsorption tests. Overall, these results indicate that native corn starch is as effective as amylopectin and amylose‐rich starch.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".