First report of <i>Sclerotinia subarctica</i> in France detected with a rapid PCR-based test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
White mould can affect the production of a wide range of economically important crops worldwide. The symptoms may be caused by several species, including Sclerotinia subarctica, a species mostly occurring in northern latitudes in sympatry with S. sclerotiorum. Although the two species are morphologically indistinguishable, S. subarctica was reported to have different climatic requirements for mycelial growth and production of apothecia. These differences may affect the precision of white mould risk prediction models that are based on the production of ascospores by S. sclerotiorum. To assess the presence of S. subarctica in France, we adapted a rapid PCR-based test to distinguish S. subarctica from other commonly found species of Sclerotinia. This test was used to characterize a collection of 969 Sclerotinia sp. isolates originating from various plants (bean, canola, carrot, lettuce, melon and witloof chicory), air and soil samples in different regions of France. One single isolate, collected from witloof chicory in northern France, was identified as S. subarctica. When genotyped with five microsatellite markers designed for S. sclerotiorum, this isolate had a haplotypic profile that was clearly distinct from the other isolates. The ITS sequence of this isolate was identical to those of isolates collected in northern Europe and Alaska. Koch’s postulates were verified. When inoculated on witloof chicory, the isolate identified as S. subarctica induced white mould symptoms. This study is the first to report the presence of S. subarctica south of the 51st parallel north and on witloof chicory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".