Determining Near‐Bottom Fluxes of Passive Tracers in Aquatic Environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In aquatic systems, the eddy correlation method (ECM) provides vertical flux measurements near the sediment‐water interface. The ECM independently measures the turbulent vertical velocities and the turbulent tracer concentration at a high sampling rate (> 1 Hz) to obtain the vertical flux from their time‐averaged covariance. This method requires identifying and resolving all the flow‐dependent time (and length) scales contributing to . With increasingly energetic flows, we demonstrate that the ECM's current technology precludes resolving the smallest flux‐contributing scales. To avoid these difficulties, we show that for passive tracers such as dissolved oxygen, can be measured from estimates of two scalar quantities: the rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation ε and the rate of tracer variance dissipation χc. Applying this approach to both laboratory and field observations demonstrates that is well resolved by the new method and can provide flux estimates in more energetic flows where the ECM cannot be used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".