Higher Serum Endocan Level Is Associated with Alzheimer Disease
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> The novel molecule endocan, which is released by endothelium and is regulated by proangiogenic and proinflammatory cytokines, may have a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum endocan levels and AD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 134 patients (47 AD, 42 amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI], and 45 control patients) 65 years of age and older were recruited in this study. Cognitive status of the patients was evaluated by performing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Serum endocan levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Median serum endocan level was significantly higher in AD patients (380.1 ng/mL) than in both aMCI patients (247.7 ng/mL) and controls (277.6 ng/mL; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Serum endocan level had a weak but significant correlation with MMSE and MOCA scores (<i>r</i> = –0.219 and <i>r</i> = –0.232; <i>p</i> = 0.012 and <i>p</i> = 0.01, respectively). Serum endocan level was detected as a factor independently associated with AD. The cutoff serum level of endocan predicting AD was &#x3e;288.94 ng/mL in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve 0.71, 95% CI 66.7–90.9, sensitivity 80.9%, specificity 59.8%; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Higher serum endocan levels may be associated with the pathogenesis of AD.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it