Human Milk Oligosaccharides Attenuate Antigen–Antibody Complex Induced Chemokine Release from Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract There has been increased interest in the use of dietary ingredients, including prebiotics such as human‐milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as therapeutic strategies for food allergy. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of HMOs is important to realizing their therapeutic potential. Here we demonstrate that the HMO, 6’‐sialyllactose (6’SL) inhibited chemokine (IL‐8 and CCL20) release from T‐84 and HT‐29 cells stimulated with antigen–antibody complex, TNFα or PGE 2 ; an effect that was PPARγ dependent and associated with decreased activity of the transcription factors AP‐1 and NFκB. In contrast, 2’‐fucosyllactose (2’FL) selectively inhibited CCL20 release in response to antigen antibody complex in a PPARγ independent manner. This study reinforces the concept that structurally different oligosaccharides have distinct biological activities and identifies, for the first time, that the HMOs, 6’SL, and 2’FL, modulate human epithelial cell responses related to allergic disease. These findings encourage further investigation of the therapeutic potential of specific HMOs in food allergy. Practical Application This study provides evidence for direct effects of HMOs in addition to their prebiotic role and demonstrates, for the first time, modulation of Ag–IgE complex activation of human epithelial cells that may have important implications for food‐allergy. The study also reinforces the concept that structurally different oligosaccharides have distinct biological activities. In determining the composition of infant formula, addition of oligosaccharides with specific structures may provide direct modulation of immune responses and potentially attenuate symptoms or development of food allergy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".