Quantum-beat photoelectron-imaging spectroscopy of Xe in the VUV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Time-resolved pump-probe measurements of Xe, pumped at 133 nm and probed at 266 nm, are presented. The pump pulse prepared a long-lived hyperfine wave packet in the Xe $5{p}^{5}(^{2}P_{1/2}^{\ensuremath{\circ}})6s{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{[1/2]}_{1}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ manifold ($E=77\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}185\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}=9.57\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$). The wave packet was monitored via single-photon ionization and velocity map photoelectron images were measured. The images provide angle- and time-resolved data which, when obtained over a large time window (900 ps), constitute a precision quantum-beat spectroscopy measurement of the hyperfine state splittings. Additionally, analysis of the full photoelectron image stack provides a quantum-beat imaging modality, in which the Fourier components of the photoelectron images correlated with specific beat components can be obtained. This may also permit the extraction of isotope-resolved photoelectron images in the frequency domain, in cases where nuclear spins (hence beat components) can be uniquely assigned to specific isotopes (as herein), and also provides phase information relating to the ionization dynamics. The information content of both raw and inverted image stacks is investigated, suggesting the utility of the Fourier analysis methodology in cases where images cannot be inverted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".