Increased Cancer Risk in Younger Patients with Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed as Atypia of Undetermined Significance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine if patient age and/or gender significantly alter the risk of thyroid malignancy in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) diagnostic categories. METHODS: A retrospective review of 291 sequential patients that underwent thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and subsequent surgery at a single center was carried out. Cases were grouped according to age (55 years and older versus younger than 55 years) and gender. The cancer risk was calculated for each BSRTC diagnostic group. A p-value <0.05 was not considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study population was composed of 291 patients (227 females and 64 males). Histopathology diagnosed cancer in 113 cases (39%). The cancer risk was significantly increased in cases with a BSRTC diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) in patients younger than 55 years of age (36.8% vs 7.4%, p=0.0082). CONCLUSIONS: Though thyroid cancer was significantly more common in males (p=0.021), gender did not significantly influence specific BRSTC diagnostic category cancer risk estimation. A BSRTC AUS/FLUS diagnosis is associated with an increased cancer risk in younger patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".