The Effect of Intellectual Property Rights Protection on the International Competitiveness of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry in China
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research on the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and economic growth and innovation has been often explored. However, there is an absence of research dealing with the the relationship between IPR protection and the international competitiveness of high-tech industry, especially pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. This study aims to examine the impact of the strength of IPR protection on the international competitiveness of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, by using time series data from 1995 to 2014. Modified Ginarte-Park (GP) index is used to measure the strength of IPR protection and revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index is utilized to measure the international competitiveness of China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Multivariate time series model and OLS estimation are employed to examine the relationship between IPR protection and RCA index. The result shows that strict IPR protection does not enhance the international competitiveness of China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The finding suggests that it is more appropriate to adopt a more relaxed IPR protection system for pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.29.1.16878
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it