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Record W2792290894 · doi:10.5539/elt.v11n4p91

The Students’ Error in Using Conjunction (Because, Since, as, in Case) in the Sentences

2018· article· en· W2792290894 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueEnglish Language Teaching · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicEnglish Language Learning and Teaching
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsConjunction (astronomy)SentenceGrammarMeaning (existential)Test (biology)Reliability (semiconductor)PsychologyMathematics educationLinguisticsValue (mathematics)Computer scienceNatural language processing

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This research deals with the students’ error in using conjunction (because, since, as, in case) in the sentences. Conjunction is very important for the learners to develop a skill in grammar. And grammar is the most important part of language for anyone. Should be first understood before being able to construct sentences, rules based on the grammar of language are used to express a certain idea represented in a sentence. By understanding the grammatical rules, the sentences can be arranged to produce the desired meaning. The objective of the study are to find out the students’ difficulties in using subordinate conjunction and to find out the causes of the students’ problems in using subordinate conjunction. Finding of the study expected to provide information for the improvement of teaching conjunction. In addition the findings and description would be of some use for the teachers in teaching conjunction. The outcomes would be useful in minimizing the difficulties in teaching conjunctions. The data of this research were the scores of the students based on the number of items that they hard correctly. A test was administered to collect the data; the research was helped by the classroom English teacher. Based on the value of standard reliability, the result of reliability of the test is 0.97; it means that the value of the standard reliability of test is very good. It was shown that students made more errors working with items numbers 5,6,9,10,14, and 15 the total frequency of errors were 237 all items. It means that the second students of Senior High School, SMK Swasta HKBP Pematangsiantar good errors in using subordinate conjunction (as, in, case, because, since) in the sentence (complex sentences).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.057
Threshold uncertainty score0.995

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.317
Teacher spread0.301 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it