All-pass characteristics of a Huygens' unit cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Huygens' unit cells have demonstrated great versatility and they are used in a widespread of applications for their ability to manipulate electromagnetic wavefronts at will. Common applications include: electromagnetic-wave refraction, focusing, defocussing and beam conversion. They can achieve these multitude of applications with no or extremely low reflection losses. This paper investigates the possibility of also achieving a wide matching bandwidth from a Huygens' unit cell. This is enabled by leveraging on the equivalence between Huygens' unit cells and lattice networks which in turn can be designed for an all-pass response. Based on this equivalence, conditions on achieving a similar all-pass response from a Huygens' unit cell are derived. A case study of a wire-loop Huygens' unit cell is presented validating these conditions with full-wave analysis and providing an extremely wide matching bandwidth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".