Zinc(II) binding on human wild-type ISCU and Met140 variants modulates Fe-S complex activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The human de novo iron-sulfur (Fe-S) assembly complex consists of the cysteine desulfurase NFS1, accessory protein ISD11, scaffold protein ISCU, and allosteric activator frataxin (FXN). FXN has been shown to bind the NFS1-ISD11-ISCU complex (SDU), to activate the desulfurase activity and thus Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. Conversely, in the absence of FXN, the NFS1-ISD11 (SD) complex was reported to be inhibited by the binding of recombinant ISCU. Here, we show that recombinant ISCU binds zinc(II) ion, and that the presence of zinc in as-isolated ISCU has impacts on the SDU desulfurase activity as measured by sulfide production. Indeed, the removal of this zinc(II) ion from ISCU causes a moderate but significant increase in activity compared to SD alone, and FXN can activate both zinc-depleted and zinc-bound forms of ISCU complexed to SD. Recent yeast studies have reported a substitution on the yeast ISCU orthologue Isu, at position Met141 (Met140 in human numbering of precursor protein) to Ile, Leu, Val, or Cys that could bypass the requirement of FXN for Fe-S cluster assembly and cell viability. Using recombinant human proteins, we report no significant differences in the biochemical and biophysical properties observed between wild-type and variants M140I, M140 L, and M140 V of ISCU. Importantly, in the absence of FXN, ISCU variants behaved like wild-type and did not stimulate the desulfurase activity of the SD complex. This study therefore identifies an important regulatory role for ISCU-bound zinc in modulation of the human Fe-S assembly system in vitro but no ‘FXN bypass’ effect on mutations at position Met140 in human ISCU. ABBREVIATIONS ACP acyl carrier transfer protein BLI biolayer interferometry BSA bovine serum albumin CD circular dichroism DMPD NN-dimethyl- p -phenylenediamine DSF differential scanning fluorimetry DTT dithiothreitol; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetracetic acid Fe-S iron sulfur FRDA Friedreich’s ataxia FXN frataxin HEPES 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid IPTG isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside PLP pyridoxal 5′-phosphate SD protein complex composed of NFS 1 and ISD11 SDU protein complex composed of NFS 1, ISD11 ISCU SDUF, protein complex composed of NFS 1, ISD11, ISCU, and frataxin TCA trichloroacetic acid TCEP tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".