Health Risk of Ambient PM10-bound PAHs at Bus Stops in Spring and Autumn in Tianjin, China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to measure ambient concentrations of PM10 and PM10-bound PAHs to estimate health risks due to exposure to PAHs during wait times at bus stops in September 2012 and March 2014. Samples were collected by personal exposure monitors at Balitai and Haiguangsi bus stops in Tianjin, China. The equivalent concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaPeq) was used to estimate the health risks of PAHs in PM10 inhaled by passengers waiting at these bus stops. The results showed the average PM10 level was higher in autumn (non-heating season) compared to spring (heating season) (307 ± 67 µg m–3 vs. 226 ± 100 µg m–3). When averaged over the two bus stops, concentrations of total PAHs in PM10 were much higher during spring compared to autumn (417 vs. 193 ng m–3), while BaPeq was slightly lower during spring (29.7 vs. 32.8 ng m–3). The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) at the two bus stops, Balitai and Haiguangsi, in spring were 9.0 × 10–8 and 4.5 × 10–8, and in autumn were 1.1 × 10–7 and 7.7 × 10–8, respectively. All these risk values were lower than the acceptable risk range of 10–6–10–4 approved by US Environmental Protection Agency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".