Modification of the structural, emulsifying, and foaming properties of an isolated pea protein by thermal pretreatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pea protein isolate (PPI) prepared through isoelectric protein precipitation was heat-treated between 50°C and 100°C. The effect of heat treatment on the structural and functional properties of proteins was evaluated. Native gel electrophoresis showed the formation of protein aggregates (molecular weight ≫ 200 kDa) in the temperature range of 80–100°C. Intrinsic fluorescence data suggested that protein denaturation reached its highest level at pH 3.0. The formation of oil-in-water emulsions (1:5 oil:water volume ratio) was positively impacted by pH increase as evidenced by the decrease of minimum oil droplet size (d4,3) from 26 μm at pH 5.0 to 22 μm at pH 7.0 (P < 0.05). In contrast, heat pretreatment led to decreasing emulsion properties at pH 3.0 with d4,3 values increasing from 27 μm to 80 μm (P < 0.05). Regardless of pH applied, all heated PPI samples displayed low foaming properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".