Chlorite and Chlorate ion variability IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study tracked changes in chlorite ion (ClO 2 – ) and chlorate ion (ClO 3 – ) concentrations in the distribution system of the City of Laval, Québec, following use of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) or free chlorine. Water was collected in small‐ and large‐diameter pipes with respect to the residence time of each sampling point. In the network fed by a treatment plant using ClO 2 in postdisinfection, ClO 2 – concentrations decreased with increasing water residence time. In the networks fed by treatment plants using free chlorine in postdisinfection, ClO 2 – levels remained below the method detection limit (MDL). ClO 3 – concentrations measured in the network following ClO 2 postdisinfection were found to be either below the MDL or stable at a low level (0.09 mg/L) in cold water; ClO 3 – levels decreased slightly in warm water with increasing residence time. In the networks using free chlorine as a postdisinfectant, ClO 3 – levels showed significant variations in their overall concentrations during different samplings or with specific changes in their concentration related to residence time.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it