Do low-elevation ravines provide climate refugia for subalpine limber pine (<i>Pinus flexilis</i>) in the Great Basin, USA?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate refugia are locations where decoupled climate processes enable species to persist despite unfavorable climate changes in surrounding landscapes. Despite theoretic bases and paleo-ecological evidence, refugia have not been widely characterized under modern conditions in mountain regions. Conifers in the Great Basin, USA, provide an opportunity to evaluate the potential of low-elevation ravine and riparian (LERR) contexts to function as climate refugia. We provide evidence for significantly higher than expected occurrence of limber pine (Pinus flexilis E. James) in LERR contexts (mean 64%) across 43 mountain ranges. We document with observed and modeled data that LERR contexts are cooler and wetter than expected for their elevations, have low solar radiation, and produce larger (more positive) lapse rates relative to upland slopes. Together these findings suggest that LERR contexts generate decoupled microclimates that provide climate refugia for limber pine. In that refugia management has been promoted as a contemporary climate adaptation strategy, our findings suggest that LERR contexts be further evaluated for their conservation potential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".