Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a serious and sometimes life-threatening illness caused by toxin release from Clostridium difficile (CD), a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium. Infection with CD can cause clinical manifestations in a spectrum from asymptomatic carrier states to pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. Accurate diagnosis of CDI depends on early recognition of clinical symptoms of diarrhea, fever, and cramps especially after antibiotic use. Bacterial culture can be performed for epidemiological and antibiogram purposes during outbreaks of CDI. Culture, enzyme immunoassays (EIA), and molecular assays are useful for diagnosis of CDI. Toxigenic culture is useful to determine the cytopathic effect of the bacteria. Current Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines recommend using nucleic acid amplification tests or glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen followed by EIA testing for CD toxin A and B. Future studies for CDI diagnosis are looking toward toxin identification and the use of metabolomic analysis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".