Adsorption of Cs on the fracture filling clay minerals of the Lac du Bonnet batholith, southeastern Manitoba : implications for nuclear fuel waste disposal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A deep geological repository in stable plutonic rock is one of the approaches being considered for the long-term management of used nuclear fuel in Canada. This study examines the interaction of cesium, which contains 135Cs, a long-lived radionuclide that is a component of nuclear waste, and adsorption of Cs onto a variety of clay minerals representing the materials that are likely to be used as engineered barriers in such a repository. Clay minerals are also likely to be associated with fracture zones in the crystalline rock hosting the repository. The Lac du Bonnet batholith in southeastern Manitoba is representative of plutonic rocks of the Canadian Shield. The batholith is sparsely fractured and of a large areal extent. The effect of a bacterial consortium from the Lac du Bonnet batholith on Cs adsorption was also evaluated. Ion exchange experiments indicate that clay minerals adsorb cesium rapidly at various conditions of temperature and pressure. At room temperature and pressure, montmorillonite, a 2:1 layer clay mineral, adsorbed more Cs than all the other clay minerals. Vermiculite and illite, though 2:1 layer clay minerals, adsorbed much less Cs than montmorillonite. Bentonite (Wyoming bentonite and Kunigel bentonite), a multimineralic clay, adsorbed more Cs than vermiculite and illite but less than montmorillonite. Kaolinite, a 1:1 layer clay mineral, adsorbed very small amounts of Cs. Generally,2:1 layer clays adsorbed more Cs than 1:1 layer clay because they have more available sites for Cs adsorption...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".