Diagnosis of Contamination of Soil by Toxic Metals from Urban Solid Waste and Influence of Organic Matter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, the disposal of urban solid waste (USW) in inadequate places has been increasing in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination of lead, cadmium, copper, manganese, chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt and zinc metals and their relationship with organic matter (OM) in the vicinity of the city's "dump" Iguatu, Cear. Eight soil samples were collected in the layer from 0 to 0.20 m depth. The pH was carried out in distilled water, the OM by wet oxidation with potassium dichromate. The extraction of metals was carried out via acid digestion and its quantification by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results were compared with the soil guiding values established by CONAMA Resolution 430/2009. Analysis of the soil samples showed levels of Cr <Mn <Pb <Cu <Zn <Fe. Pearson's correlation showed that Zn, Mn and Fe were related to soil organic matter. Cu, Zn and Pb values were found at levels above that established by legislation, creating a risk of contamination in the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".